Journal
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Volume 334, Issue 3-4, Pages 482-512Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2003.11.021
Keywords
critical fluctuations; critical phenomena; equation of state; Van der Waals equation
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It is well known that classical equations of state, like the Van der Waals equation, fail in the region near the critical point of a fluid, where the behavior of the thermodynamic properties is strongly affected by density fluctuations. In this paper, we present a theoretical approach to correct classical cubic equations of state for the effects of critical fluctuations. The approach utilizes a transformation deduced from the renormalization-group theory of critical phenomena that was developed earlier for a classical Landau expansion of the Helmholtz-free-energy density. Using the Van der Waals equation as an example, we explain how critical fluctuations lower the critical temperature, flatten the coexistence curve, induce a singularity in the isochoric beat capacity, and lead to apparent critical exponents that depend on the temperature distance from the critical point. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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