Prolonged antigen presentation, APC-, and CD8+ T cell turnover during mycobacterial infection:: Comparison with Listeria monocytogenes

We expressed the CTL epitope of OVA (OVA(257-264)) in an acute (Listeria monocytogenes (LM)-OVA) and a chronic intracellular pathogen (Mycobacterium bovis (BCG)-OVA), to evaluate the kinetics of Ag presentation. LM-OVA proliferated rapidly in vivo, resulting in profound LM-OVA expansion within the first 24 h of infection, culminating in the generation of a potent CD8(+) T cell response, which peaked on day 7 but underwent a rapid attrition subsequently. In contrast, BCG-OVA exhibited reduced growth in vivo, resulting in a delayed CD8(+) T cell response that increased progressively with time. Relative to LM-OVA, BCG-OVA induced persistently increased numbers of apoptotic (annexin V+) CD8(+) T cells. Ag presentation in vivo was evaluated by transferring Thy1.2(+) carboxyfluorescein-labeled OT1 transgenic CD8(+) T cells into infected Thy1.1(+) congeneic recipient mice. LM-OVA induced rapid Ag presentation that was profound in magnitude, with most of the transferred cells getting activated within 4 days and resulting in a massive accumulation of activated donor CD8(+) T cells. In contrast, Ag presentation induced by BCG-OVA was delayed, weaker in magnitude, which peaked around the second week of infection and declined to a low level subsequently. Increasing the dose of BCG-OVA while enhancing the magnitude of Ag presentation did not change the kinetics. Furthermore, a higher dose of BCG-OVA also accelerated the attrition of OVA(257-264)-specific CD8(+) T cells. Relative to LM-OVA, the dendritic cells in BCG-OVA-infected mice were apoptotic for prolonged periods, suggesting that the rapid death of APCs may limit the magnitude of Ag presentation during chronic stages of mycobacterial infection.