Bending stiffness of a crystalline actin bundle

The acrosomal process of the sperm of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyplienius) is a unique crystalline actin bundle, consisting of multiple actin filaments cross-linked by the actin-bundling protein, scruin. For successful fertilization, the acrosomal bundle must penetrate through a 30 mum thick jelly coat surrounding the egg and thus it must be sufficiently stiff. Here, we present two measurements of the bending stiffness of a single crystalline bundle of actin. Results from these measurements indicate that the actin:scruin composite bundle has an average elastic modulus of 2 GPa, which is similar to that of a single actin filament, and a bending stiffness that is more than two orders of magnitude larger than that of a bundle of uncross-linked actin filaments due to stiffening by the scruin matrix. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.