Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 604, Issue 1, Pages L5-L8Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1086/383413
Keywords
cosmology : theory; dark matter; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : structure; gravitational lensing
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We review the evidence for substructures from the anomalous flux ratios in gravitational lenses. Using high-resolution numerical simulations, we show that at typical image positions, the fraction of surface mass density in substructures is less than or similar to 0.5% with mass above 10(-4) virial masses in the concordance LambdaCDM cosmology. Substructures outside the virial radius ( but projected at typical lens image positions) only increase the fraction moderately. Several effects, in particular baryonic settling and the requirement of compactness, may further decrease the predictions by a factor of few. The predicted fraction with appropriate properties thus appears to be lower than that required by lensing, although both are still uncertain. More speculative substructures such as massive black holes (M similar to 10(5) -10(6) M-.) in the halo may offer viable alternatives.
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