EMG trapezius muscle activity pattern in string players: Part II - Influences of basic body awareness therapy on the violin playing technique

This study used electromyography (EMG) to investigate if violinists could play with a greater variation in the trapezius muscle activity pattern after an 8-week training program with Basic Body Awareness Therapy (Basic BAT), as compared with a reference group. Five professional orchestra violinists who trained Basic BAT were compared to nine violinists working as violin teachers or music students at higher education level who did not take part in any training. The trapezius muscle activity, while playing a piece of music, was monitored by bilateral surface EMG before and after the 8-week training period. Exposure Variation Analysis (EVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used for the EMG analyses. No significant differences were found in the trapezius muscle activation between the Basic BAT-trained group and the reference group. The training group perceived positive changes in breathing, muscular tension, postural control and concentration mainly during practice sessions. Musicians might benefit from practicing warming up, taking regular pauses to recover and proper working technique in activities other than playing an instrument. Relevance to industry Proper work technique, work postures and movements are important to prevent neck and shoulder problems. This study shows a pedagogical approach to modify posture and bodily reactions during work tasks. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.