Non-contact ultrasonic techniques

Non-contact generation and detection of acoustic and ultrasound waveforms is of practical importance, since it permits making acoustic and ultrasonic measurements at elevated temperatures, in corrosive and other hostile environments, in geometrically difficult to reach locations, in outer space and doing this at relatively large distances from the test structure. Non-contact acoustical and ultrasonic techniques currently available are laser generation, optical interferometric detection, electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs), air(gas)-coupled systems and hybrid combinations of the above. The present paper will describe how several such systems have been used in unique materials characterization applications. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.