Oblique slamming, planing and skimming

This paper describes how tangential impact velocities can be incorporated into well-known impact theories in deep and shallow water. Taking the deep and shallow flows in turn, it is shown how to link the normal impact Wagner and Korobkin theories to the tangential impact theories of planing and skimming, respectively. An instability is revealed that limits the configurations that can be analysed in the deep water case when the angle of impact is comparable to the deadrise angle. Most of the discussion is confined to two-dimensional flow but a model is also proposed that may describe the spray sheets that can be generated in three-dimensional skimming.