Blocking lymphotoxin-β receptor activation diminishes inflammation via reduced mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) expression and leucocyte margination in chronic DSS-induced colitis

The lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) pathway is critical for maintenance of organized lymphoid structures and is involved in the development of colitis. To investigate the mechanisms by which LTbetaR activation contributes to the pathology of chronic inflammation we used a soluble LTbetaR-Ig fusion protein as a competitive inhibitor of LTbetaR activation in the mouse model of chronic colitis induced by oral administration of dextran sulphate sodium. Strong expression of LTbeta which constitutes part of the LTalpha(1)beta(2) ligand complex was detected in colonic tissue of mice with chronic colitis. Treatment with LTbetaR-Ig significantly attenuated the development and histological manifestations of the chronic inflammation and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6. Moreover, LTbetaR-Ig treatment significantly down-regulated mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) expression, leading to reduced leucocyte rolling and sticking in postcapillary and collecting venules and reduced extravasation into the intestinal mucosa as quantified by in vivo fluorescence microscopy. Thus, LTbetaR pathway inhibition ameliorates DSS-induced experimental chronic colitis in mice by MAdCAM-1 down-regulation entailing reduced lymphocyte margination and extravasation into the inflamed mucosa. Therefore, a combined treatment with reagents blocking T cell-mediated perpetuation of chronic inflammation such as LTbetaR-Ig together with direct anti-inflammatory reagents such as TNF inhibitors could constitute a promising treatment strategy for chronic colitis.