Phosphate regime structures species composition in cultured phototrophic biofilms

1. The effect of phosphate on species composition in biofilms was studied under three different phosphate regimes (0.5, 5 and 50 muM) in two different multi species communities: one composed of the four diatom species Melosira varians, Nitzschia perminuta, Navicula trivialis and Achnanthes lanceolata and one containing these diatom species plus the two cyanobacterial species Leptolyngbya foveolarum and Cylindrospermum stagnale. 2. Algal growth in monocultures and mixtures was measured as chlorophyll a and PAM fluorimetry was applied to document density and physiological condition of the two main groups of photosynthetic organisms in mixed cultures. 3. In phosphate-replete communities, a single species dominated the community (N. perminuta in the diatom mixture and L. foveolarum in the all species mixture), while in the phosphate-deprived communities several species persisted, in spite of severe phosphate limitation. 4. We conclude that high supply of phosphate enables the species L. foveolarum, and to a lesser extent N. perminuta, to overgrow biofilm consortia, facilitated by their filamentous growth form, motility or the excretion of inhibitors. The persistence of several species under a low phosphate regime is explained by a less intense interspecific interaction in low-density biofilms. This clarifies field observations published previously.