Journal
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
Volume 35, Issue 5, Pages 453-457Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01037.x
Keywords
Atlantic cod; temperature; body movements; hatching time
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Body movements of cod (Gadus morhua L.) embryos reared from fertilization to hatch at 5.4degreesC were observed at various stages of development and at six experimental temperatures ranging from 0-10degreesC. Frequency of cod embryo body movements increased from zero at 42 degree-days post fertilization to maximal at 73-82 degree-days (1 or 2 days prior to hatch). Embryos were most active at 2degreesC (mean of 5.5 movements per 10 min), with activity declining to less than 1/10 min at 8-10degreesC. Lengths of hatched cod larvae reared at a series of constant temperatures (from 4-10degreesC) from fertilization to hatch were greater at lower incubation temperatures. Incubation temperatures of 2-4degreesC were found to be optimal for incubation of cod eggs.
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