Journal
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
Volume 126, Issue 2, Pages 177-187Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.02.004
Keywords
blacks; ethnicity; depression; factor structure; measurement equivalency
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This study examined the factor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in low socioeconomic status African Americans (n = 426). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four factors(1) depressed affect, (2) positive affect, (3) somatic complaints, and (4) interpersonal problems-of the CES-D scale previously found in the general population were supported in this sample. These results were cross-validated in other nationally representative samples of African-American participants (n = 988) and Caucasians (n = 666), and the four-factor structure of the CES-D scale replicated in all three groups in this study. An alternative model was also tested with the factors depressed affect and somatic complaints combined as a single factor, a finding often reported in minority groups. Results indicated a significantly poorer fit for the three-factor model compared with the four-factor model for all three groups. In addition, higher loading differences were significantly evident between African-American and Caucasian groups, while higher loading similarities were found between the two African-American groups. These findings provide further evidence of measurement equivalency of the CES-D scale in samples with differential characteristics including race and socioeconomic status. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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