Shaping the nuclear action of NF-κB

The NF-kappaB/REL family of transcription factors pivotally control the inflammatory and immune responses, as well as other genetic programmes that are central to cell growth and survival. The cytoplasmic regulation of NF-kappaB is well characterized and, recently, significant progress has been made in understanding how its nuclear action is regulated. Post-translational modification of the NF-kappaB subunits as well as histones surrounding the NF-kappaB target genes has a key role in this regulation. Here, we review the important advances that constitute this new and exciting chapter in NF-kappaB biology.