Reproductive assessment of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) following a four-week fluoxetine (SSRI) exposure

The occurrence of environmental pharmaceutical products has recently received considerable attention, but impacts on the aquatic environment are largely unknown. Fluoxetine is a widely prescribed antidepressant and acts physiologically as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). To determine its potential to disrupt teleost reproductive function, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to fluoxetine at aqueous nominal concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mug/L for 4 weeks. The last 14 days of this exposure included a reproductive assessment in which no significant changes were observed in egg production, rate of fertilization and spawning, or hatching success of fertilized eggs. A low incidence (1.972.53%; 4.02-5.16-fold greater than controls) of developmental abnormalities was observed in offspring from all fluoxetine treatments. Adult gonadal somatic index, hepatic vitellogenin, and ex vivo gonadal steroidogenesis were also unaffected. Circulating plasma estradiol levels in females were significantly increased by 0.1 and 0.5 mug/L treatments. Our study provides novel information on fish biochemical, physiological, and reproduction responses to environmentally realistic fluoxetine concentrations.