Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 286, Issue 5, Pages H1696-H1705Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00761.2003
Keywords
myosin heavy chain; sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase; swimming training
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Exercise training improves the aging-induced downregulation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase, which participate in the regulation of cardiac contraction and relaxation. Thyroid hormone receptor (TR), a transcriptional activator, affected the regulation of gene expression of MHC and SR Ca2+-ATPase. We hypothesized that myocardial TR signaling contributes to a molecular mechanism of exercise training-induced improvement of MHC and SR Ca2+-ATPase genes with cardiac function in old age. We investigated whether TR signaling and gene expression of MHC and SR Ca2+-ATPase in the aged heart are affected by exercise training, using the hearts of sedentary young rats (4 mo old), sedentary aged rats (23 mo old), and trained aged rats (23 mo old, swimming training for 8 wk). Trained aged rats showed improvement in cardiac function. Expression of TR-alpha(1) and TR-beta(1) proteins in the heart were significantly lower in sedentary aged rats than in sedentary young rats and were significantly higher in trained aged rats than in sedentary aged rats. The activity of TR DNA binding to the transcriptional regulatory region in the alpha-MHC and SR Ca2+-ATPase genes and the mRNA and protein expression of alpha-MHC and SR Ca2+-ATPase in the heart and plasma 3,3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were altered in association with changes in the myocardial TR protein levels. These findings suggest that exercise training improves the aging-induced downregulation of myocardial TR signaling-mediated transcription of MHC and SR Ca2+-ATPase genes, thereby contributing to the improvement of cardiac function in trained aged hearts.
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