Journal
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY & MEDICINE
Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 165-175Publisher
INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R
DOI: 10.1177/154411130401500305
Keywords
gingival overgrowth; gingival hyperplasia; growth factors; cytokines; connective tissue; connective tissue growth factor; fibrosis
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Funding
- NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 11004] Funding Source: Medline
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Gingival overgrowth occurs mainly as a result of certain anti-seizure, immunosuppressive, or antihypertensive drug therapies. Excess gingival tissues impede oral function and are disfiguring. Effective oral hygiene is compromised in the presence of gingival overgrowth, and it is now recognized that this may have negative implications for the systemic health of affected patients. Recent studies indicate that cytokine balances are abnormal in drug-induced forms of gingival overgrowth. Data supporting molecular and cellular characteristics that distinguish different forms of gingival overgrowth are summarized, and aspects of gingival fibroblast extracellular matrix metabolism that are unique to gingival tissues and cells are reviewed. Abnormal cytokine balances derived principally from lymphocytes and macrophages, and unique aspects of gingival extracellular matrix metabolism, are elements of a working model presented to facilitate our gaining a better understanding of mechanisms and of the tissue specificity of gingival overgrowth.
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