Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 40, Issue 7, Pages 939-950Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.12.004
Keywords
chemotherapy; dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase; DPYD; fluorouracil; mutations; pharmacokinetics; pharmacogenetics; pharmacogenomics; polymorphisms
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The identification of genetic factors associated with either responsiveness or resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy, as well as genetic factors predisposing patients to the development of severe 5-FU-associated toxicity, is increasingly being recognised as an important field of study. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Although the role of tumoral levels as a prognostic factor for clinical responsiviness has not been firmly established, there is ample evidence that a deficiency of DPD is associated with severe toxicity after the administration of 5-FU. Patients with a partial DPD deficiency have an increased risk of developing grade IV neutropenia. In addition, the onset of toxicity occurred twice as fast compared with patients with a normal DPD activity. To date, 39 different mutations and polymorphisms have been identified in DPYD. The IVS14 + 1G > A mutation proved to be the most common one and was detected in 24-28% of all patients suffering from severe 5-FU toxicity. Thus, a deficiency of DPD appears to be an important pharmacogenetic syndrome. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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