Commercial flame retardancy of polyurethanes

The review covers those flame retardants (combustion modifiers) which are in commercial use or which have had active development leading to potential commercial use in polyurethanes and isocyanurates, with emphasis on foams but brief coverage of elastomers and coatings. The review also covers factors such as polyol choice, catalyst, surfactant, and blowing agent which impact on performance of flame-retardant polyurethanes and isocyanurates. Performance factors such as scorch and fogging are discussed in relation to the choice of flame retardant for foam.