Comparative performance of juvenile red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, reared in laboratory with fresh kelp and balanced diets

Juvenile Haliotis rufescens were reared in the laboratory in order to investigate the extent to which fresh kelp and formulated feeds with 250 g kg(-1) (25P) and 380 g kg(-1) protein content (38P) affected their growth rate, gut residence time (GRT), food consumption (C), food conversion ratio (FCR) and digestibility. Abalone from 38P attained the highest growth rate (70.5 +/- 4.2 mu m day(-1); 98.3 +/- 6.95 mu g day(-1)), followed by 25P (47.9 +/- 2.79 mu m day(-1); 67.4 +/- 2.82 mu g day(-1)) and kelp (23.6 +/- 3.36 mu m day(-1); 28.2 +/- 4.11 mu g day(-1)). No significant differences were observed in consumption rate among treatments (0.61-0.68% body weight per day), yet kelp-fed abalone exhibited higher FCR (2.44), protein efficiency ratio (4.42), and apparent digestibility of dry matter (69.5%), protein (69.8%) and gross energy (79.2%) than 38P organisms (59.8, 62.4 and 62.2%, respectively). They also showed longer GRT (23.1 +/- 0.93 h). This study demonstrated that formulated diets with 250 g kg(-1) and 380 g kg(-1) protein inclusion can sustain higher growth rates of juvenile H. rufescens than fresh algae. These differences seem to be due to the amount of dietary protein. Kelp meal appears to improve the consumption and digestibility of balanced diets, and its inclusion in formulated diets is recommended.