An elasto-plastic damage model for reinforced concrete with minimum number of material parameters

Based on a fully 3-D elasto-plastic damage theory, the material behavior of all reinforced concrete components-concrete, reinforcement and bond-is, for biaxial loading, realistically modelled, including cyclic action. Thereby emphasis is layed on concrete in tension and compression. The presented model contains a minimum number of material parameters. It further enables to map exact uniaxial stress-strain curves as proposed by modern codes of practise, like the EC 2. All material parameters of the model can be readily interpreted and determined by few standard experiments, or approximated from concrete compression strength. Finally, the concrete model is verified by numerical simulation of experiments. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.