Journal
IUBMB LIFE
Volume 56, Issue 6, Pages 333-341Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1080/1521-6540400000876
Keywords
alternative oxidase; animal mitochondria; branched mitochondrial electron transport chain; Ciona intestinalis; Crassostrea gigas; cyanide-resistant respiration; Meloidogyne hapla
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The mitochondrion of most eukaryotes has multiple electron transport components that increase the points of entry and/or exit of electrons, thus giving a branched nature to the respiratory chain. In plants and many other organisms, a prominent example is alternative oxidase, a non-energy conserving branch in the respiratory chain and an additional terminal oxidase for the exit of electrons. Our genome database searches have now revealed the presence of alternative oxidase in four animal species from three different phyla ( Mollusca, Nematoda and Chordata), consistent with frequent reports of cyanide-resistant respiration in the Animalia. In Ciona intestinalis and Crassostrea gigas, alternative oxidase is expressed in several different tissues. Phylogenetic analysis is consistent with the animal proteins having originated by vertical inheritance. We hypothesize that alternative oxidase is likely widespread in the Animalia and discuss some of the potential role(s) for such a branched respiratory chain.
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