Mechanochemical removal of organo-chlorinated compounds by inorganic components of soil

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of two metal oxides, ferrihydrite and birnessite and of a ferruginous smectite, towards organic molecules such as 4-chloroaniline (4-CA), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and five polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) characterised by different number and position of chlorine atoms. Mechanochemical dry contacts with light grinding between catalytic surfaces and pollutants have been carried out. The efficiency of the mechanochemical removal was compared with batch experiments for the soluble compounds (PCP and 4-CA). The removal of 4-CA and PCP by the mechanochemical procedure resulted more effective than by batch contact in the presence of birnessite and ferrihydrite, particularly at higher pH (100% removal of 4-CA by birnessite in 30 min at pH 8.6 after the mechanochemical contact compared to 20% removal using the batch interaction at the same pH). The mechanochemical contact of PCBs and birnessite produced a removal of pollutant that was a function of the number of chlorine atoms (complete removal of 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl in 10 days and a removal of 30% and 20% of 2',3,4-trichlorobiphenyl and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, respectively in 90 days) and of the position of chlorine atoms about the biphenyl rings (100% of 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl in 10 days, 84% of 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl in 15 days and 40% of 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl in 27 days). (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.