Journal
AQUACULTURE
Volume 286, Issue 1-2, Pages 89-94Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.09.005
Keywords
Cod; Sperm; Gamete contact; Parental; Fertilization
Categories
Funding
- Genome Canada
- Genome Atlantic
- Atlantic Cod Genomics and Broodstock Development Program
- DFO Aquaculture Collaborative Research Development Program (E.A.T-ACRDP)
- New Brunswick Innovation Fund (M.K.L-NBIF)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [NSERC PGS D3]
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Currently, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is the primary finfish species being developed for aquaculture in North Atlantic waters. Despite the importance of this species, no research has been conducted. to assess the effects of sperm density and gamete contact time on egg fertilization. In two separate experiments male and female gametes were crossed using nested factorial designs. For each male-female combination we tested sperm to egg ratios ranging from 1 x 10(3):1 to 5 x 10(6):1. We also tested two gamete contact times where sperm and eggs were held in contact with each other for 5 or 30 min. Mixed-model ANOVAs indicated that sperm density and gamete contact time had a significant effect on fertilization success. Below a sperm to egg ratio of 1 x 10(5):1 fertilization success significantly decreased. Therefore, a standard sperm to egg ratio of 1 x 10(5) sperm per egg is recommended for fertilization in Atlantic cod. At the 1 x 10(3):1, 5 x 10(3):1, and 1 x 10(4):1 sperm to egg ratios maximum fertilization occurred after 30 min sperm to egg contact time. Gamete contact time was not significant at sperm to egg ratios of 1 x 10(5):1 and 1 x 10(6):1. Both the maternal and paternal variance components were significant for fertilization success. This information has important implications for optimizing family production in selective breeding programs, conserving sperm from superior pedigree in genome banks, maximizing the use of available gametes in hatchery or research facilities, and understanding mating success in the wild. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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