Journal
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
Volume 25, Issue 3, Pages 365-390Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2004.02.004
Keywords
cretaceous; stratigraphy; Yezo Group; OAEs; Pacific; forearc basin
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Litho-. bio-. and chemostratigraphy of the Cretaceous forearc basin sediments exposed in Hokkaido, northern Japan allow a synthesis of the faunal, sedimentological, and environmental history of the north-west Pacific margin. Although the succession, named the Yezo Group, has yielded an abundant record of mid- to late Cretaceous invertebrates, monotonous lithologies of sandstone and mudstone, showing occasional lateral facies changes, have caused confusion regarding the lithostratigraphic nomenclature. Based on our wide areal mapping of the sequence, and analysis of litho- and biofacies, a new lithostratigraphic scheme for the Yezo Group is proposed. In ascending order, the scheme is Lis follows: the Soashibetsugawa Formation (Lower Aptian mudstone unit); the Shuparogawa Formation (Lower Aptian-lower Upper Albian sand stone-dominant turbidite unit); the Maruyama Formation (lower Upper Albian tuffaceous sandstone unit);, the Hikagenosawa Formation (Upper Albian-Middle Cenomanian mudstone-dominant unit) ; the Saku Formation (Middle Cenomanian-Upper Turonian sandstone-common turbidite unit); the Kashima Formation (Upper Turonian-Lower Campanian mudstone-dominant unit); and the Hakobuchi Formation (Lower Campanian-Paleocene shallow-marine sandstone-conglomerate unit). In addition, we designate two further lithostratic graphic units, the Mikasa Formation (Upper Albian-Turonian shallow-marine sandstone-dominated unit) and the Haborogawa Formation (Middle Turonian-Campanian shelf mudstone/sandstone unit), which correspond in age to the shallower facies of the Saku and Kashima formations, respectively. Despite a lack of so-called black shales, because of siliciclastic dilution, our Stratigraphic integration has revealed the horizons of oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) in the Yezo Group. The OAE1a horizon in the Soashibetsugawa Formation is characterized by a lack of foraminifers, macrofossils and bioturbation, and a prominent positive excursion of delta(13)C(org). A significant hiatus during the late Aptian and early Albian removed the OAE1b horizon. The OAE1c horizon in the Maruyama Formation shows a distinct negative excursion of delta(13)C(org), with a concomitant high productivity of racholarians. The OAE1d horizon in the middle part of the Hikagenosawa Formation consists of weakly laminated, pyrite-rich mudstone. Planktonic and calcareous benthic foraminifers are absent, whereas racholarians are abundant above the OAE1d horizon. The mid-Cenomanian event (MCE) horizon is identified at the top of the Hikagenosawa Formation. Stepwise extinction of calcareous benthic foraminifers and a decrease in radiolarian diversity become apparent above the MCE horizon. In the study area, the OAE2 horizon has been well documented, and is placed in the middle part of the Saku Formation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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