Journal
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
Volume 49, Issue 14, Pages 2351-2359Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.01.016
Keywords
Li-ion battery; graphite; electrolyte additive; thermal stability; photoelectron spectroscopy
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The influence of electrolyte additives on the thermal stability of graphite anodes in a Li-ion battery has been investigated. The selected additives are: ethyltriacetoxysilane, 1,3-benzoldioxole, tetra(ethylene glycol)dimethylether and vinylene carbonate. These compounds were added in 4% to an electrolyte consisting of 1 M LiBF4 ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) solvent mixture, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the thermal stability. The electrochemical performance was investigated by galvanostatic cycling and the formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) was characterised by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) using Al Kalpha and synchrotron radiation (SR). The onset temperature for the thermally activated reactions was found to increase for all electrodes cycled with additives compared to electrodes cycled without additives. The onset temperature increased in the order: no additive < tetra(ethylene glycol)dimethyl ether < 1,3-benzoldioxole < ethyl-triacetoxysilane < vinylene carbonate. Features in the PES spectra found to be associated with high onset temperatures for thermally activated reactions are: (i) no discernible graphite peak, (ii) small amount of salt species of the type LiF and LixBFyOz and (iii) larger amounts of organic compounds preferably with a high oxygen content. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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