Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 189, Issue 12, Pages 2167-2173Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1086/420833
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI34266, P01 AI48240] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE12937] Funding Source: Medline
- NCIRD CDC HHS [IP30 28691] Funding Source: Medline
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Because milk-borne transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diminishes the benefits of perinatal antiviral drug therapy in developing countries, we have developed a new strategy to prevent postnatal and, possibly, intrapartum virus transmission in a primate model. Eight neonatal rhesus macaques were exposed orally to pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV); 4 neonates were then given intramuscular postexposure prophylaxis with 3 anti-HIV human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) with potent cross-clade and cross-group neutralization activity. Untreated infants experienced high viral RNA levels and CD4(+) T-cell losses and died (median survival time, 5.5 weeks). In contrast, all 4 nMAb-treated neonates were protected from infection (P = .028); their plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and lymph nodes remained virus negative for >1 year. These data are important for designing clinical trials in human neonates and have general implications for AIDS vaccine development, as the epitopes recognized by the 3 nMAbs are conserved among diverse primary isolates.
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