Journal
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 88, Issue 4, Pages 911-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2004.04.006
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Although the net balance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation determines the tone of the blood vessel, the vasodilatory-vasoconstrictive response following a challenge may also be determined by the intrinsic mechanical and biological properties of the vascular smooth muscle. This article reviews the action of nitric oxide, acetylcholine, and insulin; the effects of hyperglycemia, increase in free fatty acids, diabetes, and obesity on the vasculature; treatment of hypertension in diabetes; the benefits of lowering blood pressure and intensity of blood pressure control; and compares specific antihypertensive therapies on cardiovascular outcomes. The effects of antihypertensive therapy on microvascular complications, choice of antihypertensive regimen, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of antihypertensive drugs, and the potential role of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of hypertension are also presented.
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