Trends in tribological materials and engine technology

The spark-ignited reciprocating internal combustion engine has been the powerplant of choice for automotive and light truck applications for over 100 years. Whether this engine type will remain dominant in the future will depend on automakers' ability to find economically viable solutions to many constraints. Legislative demands continue to mount for better fuel economy, reduced exhaust emissions, increased recycleability and freedom from hazardous substances. Simultaneously, consumers are reluctant to accept any decrease in performance, features, range, quality and reliability. The tribological implications of changes in current engine materials are discussed. While these challenges are formidable, it is considered likely that, through evolution, the reciprocating engine will remain ahead of its more revolutionary competitors (e.g. fuel cells) for many years to come. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.