Journal
MOLECULAR MEMBRANE BIOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 4, Pages 209-220Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09687680410001716853
Keywords
alpha helix; beta barrel; biosensor; biotechnology; de novo design; helix bundle; membrane protein; protein engineering; protein redesign
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Significant progress has been made in membrane protein engineering over the last 5 years, based largely on the redesign of existing scaffolds. Engineering techniques that have been employed include direct genetic engineering, both covalent and non-covalent modification, unnatural amino acid mutagenesis and total synthesis aided by chemical ligation of unprotected fragments. Combinatorial mutagenesis and directed evolution remain, by contrast, underemployed. Techniques for assembling and purifying heteromeric multisubunit pores have been improved. Progress in the de novo design of channels and pores has been slower. But, we are at the beginning of a new era in membrane protein engineering based on the accelerating acquisition of structural information, a better understanding of molecular motion in membrane proteins, technical improvements in membrane protein refolding and the application of computational approaches developed for soluble proteins. In addition, the next 5 years should see further advances in the applications of engineered channels and pores, notably in therapeutics and sensor technology.
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