IR-spectroscopic study of the binding isomerism of adsorbed molecules

This paper discusses the use of IR spectroscopy in the studies of isomerism in the binding of adsorbed molecules with a surface when a molecule may form several different surface species at the same site. Species whose geometry does not provide minimal adsorption energy can be considered as adsorption complexes in an excited state. The spectral manifestations of such a steric excitation are compared with the electronic and vibrational excitations of surface species. The sterically excited isomeric states existing in thermodynamic equilibrium with ordinary adsorption species are found and studied in detail. Examples are CO molecules bound through C and 0 atoms with metal cations in zeolites or with surface hydroxyl groups, the thiophene molecule via hydrogen bonding with silanol groups, and HD molecules dissociatively ZnO. A possible role of sterically activated isomeric states in catalysis is discussed.