CA1 hippocampal neuronal loss in familial Alzheimer's disease - Presenilin-1 E280A mutation is related to epilepsy

Purpose: Alzheimer disease (AD) and epilepsy are brain disorders frequently associated with neuronal cell loss in mesial temporal lobe structures, but presenting different patterns of damage. Recently it was proposed that a causal relation may exist between AD pathology and the appearance of epilepsy in some cases with AD. This study aimed to determine the neuronal loss in CA1 hippocampal region from patients bearing the presenilin-1 [E280A] mutation (PS1 [E280A]) associated with seizures. Methods: Coronal sections from the hippocampal formation (anterior one third) from controls (n = 5) and familial AD (FAD; n = 8) patients were stained by using thionin and thioflavineS staining to evaluate the number of neurons in the CA1 field, beta-plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. Results: Two distinct patterns of neuronal loss in the CA1 field of FAD patients were found: (a) diffuse-patchy neuronal loss (three FAD nonepilepsy patients) characterized by both a general decrease of neurons and the presence of multiple, small regions devoid of neurons; and (b) sclerotic-like neuronal loss (five FAD epilepsy patients) similar to that found typically in the CA1 field of epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis. Conclusions: This investigation shows for the first time CA1 neuronal depopulation in a subpopulation of patients (five of eight) bearing the PS1 [E280A] mutation with epileptic seizures, indicating a relation between hippocampal neuronal loss and epileptic seizures in FAD patients.