Journal
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Volume 56, Issue 2, Pages 67-71Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.019
Keywords
dopamine; reward; expectation; Parkinson's disease; placebo effect; probability
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Recent evidence indicates that the placebo effect in Parkinson's disease is mediated by the release of dopamine in the dorsal striation. Interestingly. there is also placebo-induced dopamine release in the ventral striatum which establishes a connection between, the placebo effect and reward mechanisms. Specifically, we propose that placebo responses are related to the activation of the reward circuitry. Here, the clinical benefit induced by placebos represents the reward. The magnitude of the placebo effect likely depends on the a priori probability of clinical benefit. This notion has profound implications in the design, of clinical trials and placebo investigations.
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