Journal
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 53, Issue 3, Pages 857-869Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04155.x
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Funding
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI045746, AI45746, R01 AI045746-02] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK34928, P30 DK034928] Funding Source: Medline
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While studying virulence gene regulation in Vibrio cholerae during infection of the host small intestine, we identified VieA as a two-component response regulator that contributes to activating expression of cholera toxin. Here we report that VieA represses transcription of Vibrio exopolysaccharide synthesis (vps) genes involved in biofilm formation by a mechanism independent of its phosphorelay and DNA-binding activities. VieA controls the intracellular concentration of the cyclic nucleotide second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) using an EAL domain that functions as a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase. Two-dimensional thin layer chromatography of nucleotide extracts confirmed that VieA reduces the concentration of c-di-GMP, opposing the action of c-di-GMP synthetase proteins. Expression of unrelated V. cholerae c-di-GMP synthetase or phosphodiesterae proteins also modulated c-di-GMP concentration and vps gene expression. We propose that c-di-GMP synthetase and phosphodiesterase domain-containing proteins contribute to regulating biofilm formation by controlling c-di-GMP concentration.
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