Journal
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
Volume 65, Issue 7, Pages 790-796Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1366/10-06213
Keywords
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; Unburned carbon; Fly ash; Isokinetic sampler; Suction capacity; Matrix effects; Multivariate regression calibration model
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Funding
- 863 Program [2009AA063006]
- 973 Program [2006CB921603]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [60908019]
- NSFC [60821004]
- TSTIT and TYMIT of Shanxi Province
- Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province [2010021003-3]
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The level of unburned carbon in fly ash is an important criteria for evaluating the combustion efficiencies of boilers, as well as the commercial value of the produced fly ash. In this work, an automated prototype laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) apparatus comprising an isokinetic sampler, a sample preparation module, and a LIBS module has been developed for possible application to power plants for on-line analysis of unburned carbon in fly ash without being affected by the type of coal burned. Emphasis is placed on the structure and operation of the LIBS apparatus, the optimum suction capacity selection, the analytical methods for estimation of the exact C line intensity, and the proper calibration model established for minimizing the matrix effects, which enable the minimization of matrix effects and obtaining more accurate compositional measurements. Good agreement has been found between the laboratory measurement results from the LIBS method and those from the traditional method. The measurement accuracy presented here for unburned carbon analysis is estimated to be 0.26%, while the average relative error is 3.81%.
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