Foot and mouth: Podosomes, invadopodia and circular dorsal ruffles

The plasma membrane of many motile cells undergoes highly regulated protrusions and invaginations that support the formation of podosomes, invadopodia and circular dorsal ruffles. Although they are similar in appearance and in their formation-which is mediated by a highly conserved actin-membrane apparatus-these transient surface membrane distortions are distinct. Their function is to help the cell as it migrates, attaches and invades.