Oncogenic K-ras drives cell cycle progression and phenotypic conversion of primary pancreatic duct epithelial cells

We have established a primary pancreatic duct epithelial cell culture (PDEC) system to investigate the relationship between oncogenic activation of K-ras and pancreatic ductal tumorigenesis. We have found that the acute introduction of physiological levels of oncogenic K-ras (K-ras(V12)) into quiescent PDECs stimulates S-phase entry and induces a pronounced increase in cell size. Both effects are dependent on the functional integrity of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In addition, K-ras(V12) promotes the loss of epithelial E-cadherin and the gain of mesenchymal N-cadherin in PDEC. Our observations indicate that the oncogenic activation of K-ras is sufficient to elicit mitogenic and morphogenic responses in pancreatic ductal cells and hence is likely to play an instructive role in the initiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.