Journal
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 142, Issue 1, Pages 69-80Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2004.05.004
Keywords
mammal; humans; nervous system; sympathetic; airway cooling; temperature; facial cooling; cold air inhalation; upper airways; cold exposure
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In nine healthy subjects, cold stimuli were administered to the forehead and hand, to the oral and nasal cavities via ice cubes and to the bronchial system via inhalation of cold air (-25 degreesC. Blood pressure, heart rate and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from the peroneal nerve were recorded. MSNA expressed as total activity increased during cold air inhalation, cooling of the forehead (P < 0.001, ANOVA), hand and mouth (P less than or equal to 0.05), paralleled by a rise in blood pressure during cold air inhalation and cooling of the forehead and hand (P < 0.01). Cooling of the forehead provoked a faster increase of MSNA expressed as total activity (P < 0.05) and higher levels of diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.05) compared with cooling of the hand. Bradycardia was observed only during cooling of the nasal cavity (P < 0.001) and the forehead (P < 0.05). It is concluded that cooling of the skin and mucous membranes of the tracheobronchial tract elicits sympathetically mediated hemodynamic adaptations, probably via stimulation of cold-sensitive afferents. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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