Journal
ARTIFICIAL ORGANS
Volume 28, Issue 9, Pages 789-794Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2004.07394.x
Keywords
red blood cell substitutes; artificial blood; polyhemoglobin; conjugated hemoglobin; recombinant hemoglobin; hemoglobin-lipid vesicles; nanotechnology; biodegradable copolymers; oxygen therapeutics
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Polyhemoglobin is already well into the final stages of clinical trials in humans with one approved for routine clinical use in South Africa. Conjugated hemoglobin is also in ongoing clinical trials. Meanwhile, recombinant Hb has been modified to modulate the effects of nitric oxide. Other systems contain antioxidant enzymes for those clinical applications that may have potential problems related to ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Other developments are based on hemoglobin-lipid vesicles and also the use of nanotechnology and biodegradable copolymers to prepare nanodimension artificial red blood cells containing hemoglobin and complex enzyme systems.
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