Journal
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD
Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 320-326Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2004.7.320
Keywords
adipocytes; leptin; retinoic acid; retinoid X receptor/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma heterodimer; type II diabetes
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To elucidate the effects of retinoic acids (RAs) on adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity, we treated mature adipocytes with two different kinds of RA, 9-cis-RA and all-trans-RA. Both 9-cis- and all-trans-RA inhibited the secretion of leptin. However, the inhibition was significantly decreased at a higher dose of each RA. The inhibitory effect of 9-cis-RA was synergistically enhanced by the addition of rosiglitazone, a synthetic ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. 9-cis-RA also leads to adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. On the contrary, all-trans-RA does not increase adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. To clarify the antidiabetic effects of RA, glucose uptake was assessed by estimating glucose concentrations in the medium. 9-cis-RA reduced glucose levels in the culture media, but all-trans-RA did not. In conclusion, all-trans-RA does not alter adipogenesis and glucose uptake but does inhibit leptin secretion. 9-cis-RA, however, seems to increase both adipogenesis and glucose uptake through activation of the retinoid X receptor/PPARgamma heterodimer.
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