Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients after overnight migration of radiolabelled sulphur colloid

Objective: To evaluate the performance and feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients using technetium-99m (Tc-99m) sulphur colloid and gamma probe. Methods: From May 2000 to March 2001, 70 patients with a tumour less than 5 cm with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes underwent sentinel node biopsy followed by standard axillary dissection. Tc-99m sulphur colloid was injected around the primary tumour the day before surgery and a gamma probe was used to detect the sentinel lymph node during the surgical procedure. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was compared with standard axillary dissection for its ability to accurately reflect the final pathological status of the axillary nodes. Results: The sentinel lymph node was successfully identified in 67 of 70 patients ( 95.71%). The number of sentinel lymph nodes ranged from 1-5 (mean 1.5) and non-sentinel nodes ranged from 5-22 ( mean 13.3). Of the 67 patients with successfully identified sentinel lymph nodes, 43.28% (29/67) were histologically positive. Sensitivity of the sentinel lymph node to predict axilla was 82.75%; specificity was 100%. Positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 88.3% respectively. The sentinel lymph node was falsely negative in five patients, yielding an accuracy of 92.53%. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was more accurate for T1 tumours than for T2 tumours. Conclusions: The gamma probe guided method after overnight migration of Tc-99m sulphur colloid is technically feasible for detecting sentinel lymph nodes in most breast cancer patients, accurately predicting the axillary lymph node status, and appears more accurate for T1 lesions than for larger lesions. This minimally invasive axillary staging procedure represents a major advance in the surgical treatment of breast cancer.