Journal
FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 9, Pages 872-876Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2004.06.001
Keywords
biomechanics; hyphae; Stramenopila; Straminipila; tissue penetration; turgor pressure
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Diverse microorganisms traditionally called fungi are recognized as members of two kingdoms: mushroom-forming species and their relatives in the Fungi, and oomycete water molds in the Stramenopila. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these kingdoms diverged early in the evolution of eukaryotes. The phylogenetic detachment of the fungi and oomycetes is reflected in radical differences in their biochemistry, cell structure, and development. In terms of their biological activities, however, they show great similarity, because both groups form colonies of filamentous hyphae that invade and decompose solid food sources. Here we present biomechanical evidence of the convergent evolution of the invasive growth process in these microorganisms. Using miniature strain gauges to measure the forces exerted by single hyphae, we show that the hyphae of species in both kingdoms exert up to 2 atmospheres of hydrostatic pressure as they extend at their tips. No other eukaryotes have adopted this process for meeting their nutritional needs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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