Journal
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
Volume 49, Issue 5, Pages 1560-1569Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1560
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Environmental changes in Lake Brunnsviken, its watershed, and the greater Stockholm region since the middle of the nineteenth century have left interpretable geochemical imprints in the bottom sediments. These human-induced perturbations within the lake's watershed included agriculture, urbanization, sewage and industrial disposal, and water column aeration. Smaller delta(15)N(total) values, high organic carbon mass accumulation rates, low C:N ratios, and larger delta(13)C(org) values identify periods of increased nutrient delivery and elevated primary productivity in the lake. C:S ratios that change from high to low trace the transition from an oxic hypolimnion to an anoxic one during the periods of high productivity. Accumulations of redox-sensitive trace elements increase during the anoxic period and are further magnified during a time of industrial waste discharge into the lake. A recent decrease in black carbon concentrations in sediments reflects the conversion from wood and coal to cleaner forms of energy.
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