Angiotensin II signals mechanical stretch-induced cardiac matrix metalloproteinase expression via JAK-STAT pathway

Background. Mechanical stress induces many pathophysiological effects in cardiomyocytes. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that angiotensin 11 is a potential mediator of stretch-induced activation of matrix metalloprotemases (MMP). Methods. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes grown on a flexible membrane were cyclically stretched achieving up to 20% elongation at 60 cycles/min (using a vacuum). We explored the signaling pathways involved in cyclical stretch-induced expression of MMP-14 and MMP-2. Results. Cyclical mechanical stretch significantly increased mRNA expression and protein synthesis for MMP-14 and MMP-2 from the 6(th) to 24(th) h. The increase in MMP-14 and -2 proteins after stretch was completely blocked after the pretreatment with losartan (an angiotensin 11 AT I receptor antagonist, 200 nM) and AG-490 (a Janus kinase 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, 100 nM) but not with PD 98059 (an inhibitor of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, 50 muM) or wortmannin (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, 30 nM). By zymography, MMP-2 activity was increased by cyclical stretch that was significantly attenuated by losartan and AG-490. The mechanical strain also increased the immunohistochemical labeling of MMP-14 and -2 that was attenuated by adding losartan. Cyclical stretch increased the expression of STAT-1 that was abolished by pretreating with losartan or AG-490 (50 muM and 100 muM). Conclusion. These findings indicate that cyclical stretch induces MMP-14 and -2 expression in neonatal rat cardionnyocytes and that the induction is mediated by the angiotensin II-JAK-STAT1 pathway. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.