Journal
VACCINE
Volume 22, Issue 25-26, Pages 3510-3521Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.07.022
Keywords
macaque; T cell; IL-2; IL-15
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [NIH-1R24-RR16988-01] Funding Source: Medline
- PHS HHS [NIH-1R01-27057] Funding Source: Medline
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Using tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza (Flu) immunization of rhesus macaques as a model, the effect of IL-2 and IL-15 on the generation and maintenance of antigen specific memory T cells was evaluated following primary and secondary immunization. Daily cytokine administration expanded primarily effector but not memory cells, while spacing cytokine administration to q3-7 days markedly enhanced TT and Flu specific memory responses. Following primary immunization, TT specific CD4 and influenza matrix protein (Flu-NIP) specific CD8 effector responses were enhanced by IL-2 administration but CD8 specific memory responses were no different from cytokine non-treated monkeys. In contrast, expansion of Flu specific CD8 cells with IL-15 was only modest but resulted in significantly elevated levels of memory cells at 6 months. IL-15 also significantly enhanced early and late TT specific CD4 responses. The highest levels of primary effector and memory T cells were observed following alternate administration of both IL-2 and IL-15. Following booster immunization, however, only IL-15 appeared able to enhance CD8 T cell responses while IL-2 or IL2/IL-15 administration were less effective. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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