Journal
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 37, Issue 6, Pages 813-822Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.006
Keywords
peroxynitrite; superoxide dismutase; histidinyl radical; superoxide; nitric oxide; free radicals
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Human recombinant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) was inactivated by peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide. The concentration of peroxynitrite that decreased the activity by 50% (IC50) was similar to100 muM at 5 muM CuZnSOD and the inactivation was higher at alkaline pH. Stopped-flow determinations showed that the second-order rate constant for the direct reaction of peroxynitrite with CuZnSOD was (9.4 +/- 1.0) x 10(3) M-1 s(-1) per monomer at pH 7.5 and 37degreesC. Addition of peroxynitrite (1 mM) to CuZnSOD (0.5 mM) in the presence of the spin trap 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane led to the electron paramagnetic resonance detection of an anisotropic signal typical of a protein radical adduct. Treatment with Pronase revealed a nearly isotropic signal consistent with the fort-nation of histidinyl radical. The effects of nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, bicarbonate, and mannitol on the inactivation were assessed. Considering the mechanism accepted for the reaction of CuZnSOD with hydrogen peroxide and the fact that CuZnSOD promotes the nitration of phenolics by peroxynitrite, we herein propose that peroxynitrite reacts with CuZnSOD leading to nitrogen dioxide plus a copper-bound hydroxyl radical species that reacts with histidine residues, forming histidinyl radical. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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