Complete set of material constants of 0.95(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.05BaTiO3 lead-free piezoelectric single crystal and the delineation of extrinsic contributions

Lead-free piezoelectric single crystal 0.95(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 (NBT)-0.05BaTiO(3) was grown by top-seeded solution growth method, which has rhombohedral symmetry with composition near morphotropic phase boundary. Full set of dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic constants for [001](c) poled domain-engineered single crystal was determined. Excellent electromechanical properties and low dielectric loss (d(33) = 360 pC/N, d(31) = -113 pC/N, d(15) = 162 pC/N, k(33) = 0.720, k(t) = 0.540, and tan delta = 1.1%) make it a good candidate to replace lead-based piezoelectric materials. The depolarization temperature (T-d = 135 degrees C) is the highest among all NBT-based materials and its electromechanical coupling properties are very stable below Td. Extrinsic contributions to piezoelectric properties were investigated by Rayleigh analysis. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.