Isolation of an α-methylene-7-butyrolactone derivative, a toxin from the plant pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae

Lasiodiplodia theobromae is known as a multi-infectious microorganism that causes considerable crop damage, particularly to tropical fruits. When the fruits are infected by L. theobromae, the typical symptom is the appearance of black spots on the surface of the infected fruit. When injected in to the peel of banana, the culture filtrate of L. theobromae induced formation of black spots. The structure of the isolated compound responsible for this effect was determined to be (3S,4R)-3-carboxy-2-methylene-heptan-4-olide on the basis of analysis of MS, IR, and H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopic data, including HMQC, HMBC, and H-1-H-1 COSY experiments. The active compound was not only isolated from the culture filtrate derived from potato dextrose medium, but also from the extract of infected peels of bananas. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.