Ice and water permittivities for millimeter and sub-millimeter remote sensing applications

Recent advances in satellite remote sensing at near-millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths (similar to 100-3000 GHz) require accurate complex permittivity for ice and liquid water at these frequencies for different temperatures, especially for cold atmospheric conditions. This paper summarizes the existing experimental permittivity data in the literature and provides an updated empirical ice permittivity model for radiative transfer calculations for ground and space remote sensing experiments. Applications of this permittivity model to Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) cloud measurements are discussed. Copyright (C) 2004 Royal Meteorological Society