Journal
CHEST
Volume 126, Issue 4, Pages 1071-1078Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1378/chest.126.4.1071
Keywords
asthma; environmental tobacco smoke; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Categories
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000645, RR 00645] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [P501 ES 09600, R01 ES012468, P01 ES009600-090005, R01 ES 11115 8, 5R01 ES 08977, P30 ES009089, P30 ES 09089, P01 ES009600, P01 ES009600-060005, R01 ES 012468, P01 ES009600-070005, P01 ES009600-080005, R01 ES008977] Funding Source: Medline
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Study objectives: Several studies have found associations between diesel exposure, respiratory symptoms, and/or impaired pulmonary function. We hypothesized that prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), important components of diesel exhaust and other combustion sources, may be associated with respiratory symptoms in young children. We also hypothesized that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) may worsen symptoms beyond that observed to be associated with PAH alone. Design/participants: To test our hypotheses, we recruited 303 pregnant women from northern Manhattan believed to be at high risk for exposure to both PAH and ETS, collected 48-h personal PAH exposure measurements, and monitored their children prospectively. Results: By 12 months of age, more cough and wheeze were reported in children exposed to prenatal PAH in concert with ETS postnatally (PAH X ETS interaction odds ratios [ORs], 1.41 [p < 0.01] and 1.29 [p < 0.05], respectively). By 24 months, difficulty breathing and probable asthma were reported more frequently among children exposed to prenatal PAH and ETS postnatally (PAR X ETS ORs, 1.54 and 1.64, respectively [p < 0.05]). Conclusions: Our results suggest that early exposure to airborne PAH and ETS can lead to increased respiratory symptoms and probable asthma by age 12 to 24 months. Interventions to lower the risk of respiratory disease in young children living in the inner city may need to address the importance of multiple environmental exposures.
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