A system in which anthocyanin synthesis is induced in regenerated torenia shoots

A system in which anthocyanin synthesis can be induced under defined conditions was established in regenerated torenia shoots. Leaf discs prepared from torenia plantlets grown under sterile conditions were placed on solidified half-strength MS medium containing 3% sucrose and 4.4 x 10(-1) M benzyladenine (BA) and cultured under 16 h light/8 It dark (standard light) conditions for 10 days, then in the dark for a further 10 days. The discs were transferred to medium containing 7% sucrose without BA and cultured under standard light conditions. Six days after transfer, anthocyanin synthesis started in the regenerated shoots, and thereafter, anthocyanin accumulation increased while chlorophyll content decreased. Experiments in which either the timing of illumination was altered or shoots were retransferred to medium containing 1.5% sucrose or other sugars as well as sucrose indicated that both osmotic stress and light are required to induce anthocyanin synthesis. Once anthocyanin synthesis was induced in the torenia shoots 6 days after transfer, the shoots were fated to the synthesis of anthocyanins and the degradation of chlorophylls, and could not revert to the developmental pathway of shoot regeneration. This system may provide a good model for the investigation of the mechanisms underlying the induction of anthocyanin synthesis.