Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Volume 207, Issue 5, Pages 441-445Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
DOI: 10.1078/1438-4639-00313
Keywords
naphthalene; naphthol; children; adults; metabolites; urine; biological monitoring; environmental medicine
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Concentrations of 1- and 2-naphthol were measured in urine of 72 adults and 35 young children from Germany to assess the internal exposure to naphthalene of the general population. Naphthols could be detected in more than 90% of the urine samples. Levels of naphthols (sum of 1- and 2-naphthol) were 4-fold higher in smokers (median: 37.6 mug/g creatinine) compared to non-smoking adults (8.2 mug/g creatinine). On a creatinine basis young children had slightly lower naphthol levels in urine compared with adults (7.5 mug/g creatinine). Preliminary reference values for the sum of 1- and 2-naphthol in urine as means of the 95th percentile are proposed: 41.2 mug/g creatinine (non-smoking adults) and 23.5 mu/g creatinine (young children). It is concluded that 1- and 2-naphthol levels in urine are suitable for human biomonitoring of the naphthalene exposure in environmental medicine.
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